Testosterone is a sex steroid hormone in males and females. It is produced by males' testicles and females' ovaries. However, testosterone levels in adult men are around seven to eight times greater than the hormone's levels in adult women.¹ Testosterone is responsible for the development of...

Menopause is a complex topic for two reasons. First, estrogen plays a key role in this stage in women's lives. At the same time, the sex hormone takes part in many other body processes. Second, typical treatments for menopause do not work for all women. So, for a brief discussion of this heavily...

During menopause, a large drop in women's sex hormone levels leads to various symptoms. Such symptoms are often associated with a decreased quality of life.¹ One way to address this problem is hormone replacement therapy (HRT). HRT is medication involving sex hormones produced outside the...

Menopause is a natural process in women’s lives. People think of menopause as a time when estrogen levels drop.¹ But by the time estrogen declines, the other sex hormones are almost gone. In most menopausal women, progesterone is hardly measurable, and testosterone is usually only...